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Risk Factors for Delirium

Ouimet S, Kavanagh BP, Gottfried SB, Skrobik Y. Incidence, risk factors and consequences of ICU delirium. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:66-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17102966.

Pisani MA, Murphy TE, Van Ness PH, Araujo KL, Inouye SK. Characteristics associated with delirium in older patients in a medical intensive care unit. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1629-1634. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17698685.

R. N. Jones, F. M. Yang, Y. Zhang, D. K. Kiely, E. R. Marcantonio, and S. K. Inouye. Does educational attainment contribute to risk for delirium? A potential role for cognitive reserve. J.Gerontol.A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 61 (12):1307-1311, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17234825.

K. J. Kalisvaart, R. Vreeswijk, J. F. de Jonghe, Ploeg T. van der, W. A. van Gool, and P. Eikelenboom. Risk factors and prediction of postoperative delirium in elderly hip-surgery patients: implementation and validation of a medical risk factor model. J Am Geriatr Soc 54 (5):817-822, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16696749&query_hl=35&itool=pubmed_docsum.

E. R. Marcantonio, J. L. Rudolph, D. Culley, G. Crosby, D. Alsop, and S. K. Inouye. Serum biomarkers for delirium. J.Gerontol.A Biol.Sci.Med Sci. 61 (12):1281-1286, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17234821&query_hl=37&itool=pubmed_docsum.

P. P. Pandharipande, A. Shintani, J. Peterson, B. T. Pun, G. R. Wilkinson, R. Dittus, G. Bernard, and E. W. Ely. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 104:21-26, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16394685&query_hl=39&itool=pubmed_docsum.

J. L. Rudolph, R. N. Jones, L. J. Grande, W. P. Milberg, E. G. King, L. A. Lipsitz, S. E. Levkoff, and E. R. Marcantonio. Impaired executive function is associated with delirium after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc 54 (6):937-941, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16776789&query_hl=41&itool=pubmed_docsum.

J. S. Seaman, J. Schillerstrom, D. Carroll, and T. M. Brown. Impaired oxidative metabolism precipitates delirium: a study of 101 ICU patients. Psychosomatics 47 (1):56-61, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16384808&query_hl=43&itool=pubmed_docsum.

L. E. Vaurio, L. P. Sands, Y. Wang, E. A. Mullen, and J. M. Leung. Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management. Anesth.Analg. 102 (4):1267-1273, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16551935&query_hl=45&itool=pubmed_docsum.

Pandharipande PP, Shintani A, Peterson J, Pun BT, Wilkinson GR, Dittus R et al. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology; 104:21-26, 2005.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16394685&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum

Marcantonio ER, Goldman L, Mangione CM, Ludwig LE, Muraca B, Haslauer CM et al. A clinical prediction rule for delirium after elective noncardiac surgery. JAMA 1994; 271:134-139.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8264068&dopt=Abstract

Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons: predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA 1996; 275:852-857.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8596223&dopt=Abstract

Marcantonio ER, Juarez G, Goldman L, Mangione CM, Ludwig LE, Lind L et al. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA 1994; 272:1518-1522.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7966844&dopt=Abstract

Elie M, Cole MG, Primeau FJ, Bellavance F. Delirium risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients. J Gen Intern Med 1998;(13):204-212.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9541379&dopt=Abstract

Litaker D, Locala J, Franco K, Bronson DL, Tannous Z. Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium. Gen Hospital Psychiatry 2001; 23:84-89.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11313076&dopt=Abstract

Rolfson DB, McElhaney JE, Rockwood K, Finnegan BA, Entwistle LM, Wong JF et al. Incidence and risk factors for delirium and other adverse outcomes in older adults after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Can J Cardiol 1999; 15:771-776.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10411615&dopt=Abstract

Schor JD, Levkoff SE, Lipsitz LA. Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA 1992; 267:827-831.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1732655&dopt=Abstract

Dubois MJ, Bergeron N, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y. Delirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1297-1304.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11511942&dopt=Abstract

Aldemir M, Ozen S, Kara IH, Sir A, Bac B. Predisposing factors for delirium in the surgical intensive care unit. Critical Care 2001; 5:265-270.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11737901&dopt=Abstract

Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Veterans Affairs TN Valley Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC)