Delirium and Clinical Outcomes
Pandharipande, P. P., et al. "Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial." JAMA 298.22 (2007): 2644-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18073360?dopt=CitationMeagher DJ, Moran M, Raju B et al. Phenomenology of delirium. Assessment of 100 adult cases using standardised measures. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;190:135-141. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17267930.
Jackson JC, Hart RP, Gordon SM, Hopkins RO, Girard TD, Ely EW. Post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic stress symptoms following critical illness in medical intensive care unit patients: assessing the magnitude of the problem. Crit Care. 2007;11:R27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17316451.
Devlin JW, Fong JJ, Fraser GL, Riker RR. Delirium assessment in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:929-940. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17401550.
Pun B, Ely EW. The importance of diagnosing and managing ICU delirium. Chest. 2007;132:624-636. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17699134.
G. Bellelli and M. Trabucchi. Outcomes of older people admitted to postacute facilities with delirium. J.Am.Geriatr.Soc. 54 (2):380-381,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16460404&query_hl=16&itool=pubmed_docsum 2006.D. K. Kiely, R. N. Jones, M. A. Bergmann, K. M. Murphy, E. J. Orav, and E. R. Marcantonio. Association between delirium resolution and functional recovery among newly admitted postacute facility patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61 (2):204-208, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16510867&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum.G. J. McAvay, P. H. Van Ness, S. T. Bogardus, Jr., Y. Zhang, D. L. Leslie, L. S. Leo-Summers, and S. K. Inouye. Older adults discharged from the hospital with delirium: 1-year outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 54 (8):1245-1250, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Search&DB=pubmed.S. Vida, Fort G. Galbaud du, R. Kakuma, L. Arsenault, R. W. Platt, and C. M. Wolfson. An 18-month prospective cohort study of functional outcome of delirium in elderly patients: activities of daily living. Int.Psychogeriatr. 18 (4):681-700, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed.P. Voyer, J. McCusker, M. G. Cole, and L. Khomenko. Influence of prior cognitive impairment on the severity of delirium symptoms among older patients. J Neurosci.Nurs. 38 (2):90-101, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16681289&query_hl=23&itool=pubmed_docsum.P. Wacker, P. V. Nunes, H. Cabrita, and O. V. Forlenza. Post-operative delirium is associated with poor cognitive outcome and dementia. Dement.Geriatr Cogn Disord. 21 (4):221-227, 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16428883&query_hl=25&itool=pubmed_docsum.Lin SM, Liu CY, Wang CH, Lin HC, Huang CD, Huang PY et al. The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med 2004; 32(11):2254-2259
Ely, E.W., Shintani, A., Truman, B., Speroff, T., Gordon, S.M., Harrell, F.E., Inouye, S.K., Bernard, G.R., Dittus, R.S. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 291(14): 1753-1762, 2004.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15082703
Milbrandt, E.B., Deppen, S., Harrison, P.L., Shintani, A.K., Speroff, T., Stiles, R.A., Truman, B., Bernard, G.R., Dittus, R.S., Ely, E.W. Costs Associated with Delirium in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Crit. Care Med. 32 (4):955-962,2004.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15071384
Francis J., Martin D., and Kapoor W. N. A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA; 263:1097-1101, 1990.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2299782&dopt=AbstractEly EW, Gautam S, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Speroff T et al. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1892-1900.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11797025&dopt=Abstract
McNicoll L, Pisani MA, Zhang Y, Ely EW, Siegel MD, Inouye SK. Delirium in the intensive care unit: occurrence and clinical course in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51:591-598.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12752832&dopt=Abstract
Rockwood K, Cosway S, Carver D et al. The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age and Ageing 2001; 28:551-556.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10604507&dopt=Abstract
McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Belzile E. Delirium predicts 12 month mortality. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:457-463.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11863480&dopt=Abstract
Levkoff SE, Evans DA, Liptzin B, Clearly PD, Lipsitz LA, Wetle TT et al. Delirium: The occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152:334-340.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1739363&dopt=Abstract
Lawlor PG, Gagnon B, Mancini IL, Pereira JL, Hanson J, Suarez-Almazor ME et al. Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer patients: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:786-794.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10737278&dopt=Abstract
Eidelman LA, Putterman D, Putterman C, Sprung CL. The spectrum of septic encephalopathy: definitions, etiologies, and mortalities. JAMA 1996; 275:470-473.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8627969&dopt=Abstract
Inouye SK, Bogardus ST, Charpentier PA, Leo-Summers L, Acampora D, Holford TR et al. A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:669-676.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10053175&dopt=Abstract
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Veterans Affairs TN Valley Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC)